Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition in which the blood flow from the blood to the arterial wall is high enough. Hypertension will increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Factors that cause the risk of hypertension include obesity, smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and family history. One of the most dangerous aspects of hypertension is that everyone may not know that he or she has it because it never checks his blood pressure. Nearly a third of people who have high blood pressure do not know it. The only way to find out if high blood pressure is through regular blood pressure checks. This is important if we have siblings or high blood pressure offspring.
If your blood pressure is very high, there may be certain symptoms that will occur, including:
- Fatigue or confusion
- Severe headache
- Chest pain
- Irregular heartbeat
- Hard to breath
- Thumping in the chest, neck, or ears
- Vision problems (possible complications to the retina of the eye)
- The presence of blood in the urine (possible complications to the kidneys)
If you have any of these symptoms, check with your doctor immediately. Uncontrolled blood pressure can cause patients to fall into hypertensive crisis conditions, namely hypertension that causes organ failure such as heart attack or stroke.
Untreated hypertension can lead to serious illness, including heart disease, kidney failure, eye problems, and stroke
High blood pressure is often called "silent disease" because patients usually do not know that their body has high blood pressure, there may be no visible symptoms or signs, so regular blood pressure monitoring is necessary. The diagnosis of high blood pressure can be determined by sphygnomanometer.
High blood pressure alone is divided into 3:
- Hypertension grade 1 is when the systole blood pressure above or equal to 140 mmHg, and diastole blood pressure above or equal to 90 mmHg. Enforcement of grade I hypertension, if for 2 consecutive examinations within a span of a week the patient shows the blood pressure.
- Hypertension grade 2 is when the systole blood pressure above or equal to 160 mmHg, and diastole blood pressure above or equal to 100 mmHg on one examination.
- Hypertensive crisis is when the diastole blood pressure above or equal to 180 mmHg and diastole blood pressure above or equal to 110 mmHg. The hypertension crisis itself is divided into 2: emergency hypertension (if there is a vital organ failure) and urgency hypertension (if no vital organ failure has occurred.
Doctors have hundreds of different high blood pressure medications to choose from. These drugs work in various ways to lower blood pressure.
- Calcium Channel Blocker: Calcium channel blockers are drugs used to lower blood pressure. This drug works by slowing the movement of calcium into the heart cells and blood vessel walls, which makes it easier for the heart to pump and widen the blood vessels.
- Omega-3 fish oil supplements: In the past 10 years, many Americans have turned to omega-3 fish oil supplements. The diet of fish and fish oil supplements has benefits for healthy people as well as people with heart disease.
- ACE Inhibitors: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are high blood pressure medications that dilate blood vessels, increasing the amount of blood the heart pumps and ultimately lowering blood pressure.
- Diuretics: Diuretics commonly known as "water pills," help the body to get rid of water and salts that are not needed through urine. Getting rid of excess salts and fluids helps lower blood pressure and can make the heart pump blood lighter
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB): Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) has the same effect as ACE inhibitors, but works with different mechanisms.
- Beta-Blockers: Beta-blockers are drugs used to treat high blood pressure by blocking the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart.
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